Linen is belonged to fiber plants. Linen is a plant of over a hundred species, there are annual and perennial. Textile narrow range of industrial applications, are annual herbaceous plants, sub-fibers, oil and oil with a combination of three types of fibers. The former commonly known as linen, said the latter two in general. Linen stems thin and high, fewer capsules, there is generally no branches slender fiber quality is excellent textile fiber. Linen oil has a short stem diameter, capsule, and branches, mainly for the oil from the seeds, and poor quality with short fibers. Flax oil used along with the characteristics of fiber between flax and flax oil between the collection of seeds is also charged fibers, can be used for textiles.
Linen strong adaptability to climate, latitude 48 ~ 55 degrees is the most suitable cultivation areas. Flax cultivation of the world's countries are mainly the Soviet Union, Poland, Czechoslovakia, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, of which a maximum output of the former Soviet Union. The world production of linen fiber in 1940 was about 780,000 tons. The end of World War II reduced to 366,000 tons. After the war, production of linen fiber and increase the rapid recovery to the 1970 annual production reached 627,000 tons, the Soviet Union in 1978 only a country's output reached 449,000 tons. Linen oil generally grew in tropical and subtropical regions to the Soviet Union, the United States, Argentina, India and other countries as the main origin.
Cultivation of linen fiber in China, mainly in Heilongjiang Province, followed by Jilin Province is the second. A large number of linen cultivation in Heilongjiang province began in the early 30's, raw materials processing industry is basically at this time appears. China, in 1949 the original stems of the linen production of 49,900 tons, linen fiber production is about 07,500 tons. Linen fiber production in 1980 reached 26,000 tons, of which China's Heilongjiang Province, about 95% of the total output. China's cultivation of linen oil is the region of Inner Mongolia, northwest and north China and other places. Mainly used for weaving flax or ramie linen cloth, cotton and chemical fiber, weaving and using a variety of decorative fabrics, embroidered fabrics, such as smoking, curtains, table cloth, sofa sets, napkin, all kinds of men and women clothes, bedding and so on. Linen fabrics are high-grade textiles. Linen is mainly used in industry weaving system and canvas hoses and so on.
Linen stem width of only 1 to 3 millimeters, less well-developed xylem from the phloem in the preparation of flax can not be a general method of stripping. Dried linen was harvest after the original stem. Raw materials before processing flax stem for dipping the original deal (with Lu leaching, cold water and warm water impregnation impregnation, etc.), after taking off part of glial stem Ma dry out or get dry stem drying. Stem pieces played by the Joint Commission of the trench roller extrusion machine, the stem in the epidermis, such as wood and crushed, and then wheel-wing hatchet man by playing the scratch to remove the appearance of attached to the wood fibers, epidermal and a variety of impurities, to obtain a longer, cleaner labeled fibers known as hemp, linen textile mill that is the raw material. Stem broken machine to fight the drop-Ma Ma, to be treated by a certain thick linen (said second rough), to do short linen textile materials used. The quality of labeled Ma said with a number, the greater the number the better quality fiber can be spun into a spun yarn count of the higher. Numbers are mainly based on fiber strength, length, may be deflection, and color circumstances.
Linen fiber plants exist in the phloem tissues of stems. Single fiber for the primary phloem fiber cells, a cell is a single fiber. Ma stem cross-section in every 30 to 50 single fiber is to be bonded together to form a glial fibers. Fibers overlap each other, in the phloem tissue to form a network structure. Linen fiber is a slender one, with in the cavity was closed at both ends of the tip-shaped cells, the average length of 17 ~ 25 mm, the maximum length of 130 mm, the surface has cracked section, cracked section is to identify the important characteristics of hemp fiber. Flax fiber cross-section for the pentagonal or hexagonal, the cell wall thickness of about 7 microns, with an average width of 12 to 17 micron, single-fiber count of about 3500 metric. Linen fiber cell wall cross-section in the layered structure is Physalospora, Physalospora lamina by the original composition, the thickness of an average of about 0.4 micron. The original layer by a number of parallel fibers arranged in spiral wound fibrillation from the original fiber diameter of 0.2 ~ 0.3 micron, the original primary wall fiber helix angle of 10 degrees, the outer secondary wall fibrillation helix angle of 5 degrees, tilt Z-direction, the orientation degree of 74 ~ 90%, close to ramie, cotton is higher than that. Flax fiber birefringence of ~ 0.068 to 0.062, the crystallinity of the natural plant fiber is relatively high, single-fiber strength and stiffness are much larger than cotton fiber, stubby handle, but soft ramie fibers, elongation at break of about about 3.0 percent, close to ramie fiber. Therefore, there is one kind of linen fabric, smooth, elastic differential, the characteristics of easy to crease. Linen processing in the spinning process fibers is used (see Ma fibers). Linen fiber technology support approximately 400 to 800 metric, it was intensity in 9 ~ 18 Chris / Dan around. Initial modulus of about 230 kilograms force / day of cotton fiber than the high elongation at break were significantly lower than the cotton fiber. Linen fiber in saturated water has been vapored in the average rate of 2000 grams / h • 100 grams, less than ramie and cotton fiber. Linen fiber after water absorption, at a temperature of 21 ~ 24 ℃, relative humidity of 69 ~ 74% of the atmosphere under the conditions of evaporation, by 4.5 hours to dry, than ramie fiber slowly, faster than the cotton fiber. Linen fabric therefore more comfortable wearing cotton fabric, health, there are excellent wear ability. In addition, flax fiber absorbent, the cross-section of the swell, hoses can waterproof fabrics such as cloth plug Bulge eyes, to the effect of watertight.
Through microbial retting linen fiber after the chemical composition of content: 70 ~ 80% of cellulose, hemicellulose 12 ~ 15%, pectin substances 1.4 ~ 5.7%, 2.5 ~ 5% of lignin, nitrogen-containing material 0.3 ~ 0.6% fat 1.2 to 1.8 percent wax. Flax fibers of about 3360 degree of polymerization (viscosity method). Its chemical properties the same as with other cellulose fibers: especially susceptible to strong inorganic acid by acid hydrolysis; can be dissolved in 65 ~ 95% of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid 35 ~ 44%, 73 ~ 83% phosphoric acid and copper ammonia or copper B diamine solution; on the role of alkali stability; in a certain concentration of caustic soda solution can be generated to deal with alkali cellulose, easily oxidized oxidizer. linen fiber due to high crystallinity, poor dyeing properties. |
